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Joey Skaggs

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Joey Skaggs
Born1945 (age 78–79)
United States
Other namesKim Yung Soo, Joe Bones, Joseph Bonuso, Giuseppe Scaggoli, Peppe Scaggolini, Dr. Josef Gregor, Joseph Virgil Skaggs, Dr. Richard J. Long, Dr. Joseph Schlafer, Dr. Joseph Chenango, Baba Wa Simba, Joseph Bucks, Jojo the Gypsy, Joseph Howard, Joseph Adore, Joseph Sullivan, and the Rev. Anthony Joseph.
EducationHigh School of Art and Design
School of Visual Arts (BFA)
Occupation(s)Artist, writer, lecturer
Websitehttps://joeyskaggs.com/

Joey Skaggs (born 1945) is an American multi-media artist, social activist, cultural satirist, media critic and educator known for using unconventional approaches to address social issues through art.[1][2][3] Although classically trained in painting and sculpture, Skaggs shifted toward public performance art in 1966. His first performance was a commentary on religious hypocrisy and man's inhumanity to man: he erected a decaying crucifixion sculpture of Jesus Christ in Tompkins Square Park, New York City, on Easter Sunday.[4] The public's reaction and subsequent media coverage, in contrast to the slower pace of the traditional art establishment, motivated Skaggs to engage in public art interventions.[5][6] He began to use the spectacle of public performance, frequently with humor and satire, to provoke the media to report on the work. This offered a larger platform, expanding the reach of his artistic message.[7]

Over time, some Skaggs' performances developed into elaborate media hoaxes, which gained significant attention. He is the creator, amoung many other works, of "Hippie Bus Tour to Queens" (1968), "Cathouse for Dogs" (1976), "Celebrity Sperm Bank" (1976), "Metamorphosis Cockroach Vitamin Cure" (1981), "Bad Guys Talent Management Agency" (1984), "Fat Squad" (1986), "Hair Today, Ltd." (1990), "Portofess" (1992), "SEXONIX" (1993), "Dog Meat Soup" (1994), "Solomon Project" (1995), and "Final Curtain" (2000).

Skaggs' art practice blends fine art, theatrical performance, guerrilla theater[8], and advertising and public relations techniques. Journalists who report on his satirical works as if they are real become unwitting collaborators. His work has received global media coverage across newspapers, magazines, radio, and television, with Skaggs frequently employing various aliases.[9]

Skaggs' media work is unsanctioned and independent of any sponsorship or expectation of monetary gain. His solo and collective actions challenge concepts of power, authority, and injustice while advocating for systemic change. According to his website, Skaggs aims to inspire people to question authority maintain critical thinking, seek diverse information sources, and reflect on their own biases and preconceived notions.

He is credited as one of the originators of the phenomenon known as culture jamming.[10]

Films

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In 2017, Andrea Marini's award-winning feature documentary "Art of the Prank", focusing on the life and work of Joey Skaggs, was released internationally on television and streaming platforms.[11] The film offers an in-depth look at Skaggs' career as an artist and activist known for his media hoaxes and satirical performances.[12][13]

In 2020, production began on a series of short oral history films titled, Joey Skaggs: Satire and Art Activism, 1960s to the Present and Beyond, which are currently screening in international film festivals. The films delve into Skaggs’ use of satire as a tool for social and political commentary and showcase how he works to expose media gullibility and societal hypocrisy through elaborate, carefully orchestrated public performances.[14]

Partial works

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1960s and 1970s

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Skaggs took his “Crucifixion” sculpture to the streets of New York City on Easter for four consecutive years starting in 1966, often leading to controversy and attacks.[4] In 1968, as a reaction to the steady stream of tour buses that came to gawk at the hippies in Greenwich Village, Skaggs organized the “Hippie Bus Tour to Queens”, a cultural exchange that reversed the roles.[15] Participants included publisher Paul Krassner, and artist Yayoi Kusama, who painted polka dots on nude dancers during a stop at a local head shop in Queens.[16] The event attracted significant media coverage, including an interview on the Today Show and articles on the front page of the Daily News and in The New York Times.[17][18]

Also in 1968, Skaggs staged a protest in Central Park against the Vietnam War, titled “Vietnamese Nativity Burning".The life-sized display featured a manger scene with satirical elements: papier-mâché pigs wearing police hats, sheep with briefcases symbolizing the middle class, a camel representing Hubert Humphrey, and three decapitated wise men standing in for John F. Kennedy, Robert F. Kennedy, and Martin Luther King Jr. A Vietnamese baby Jesus was accompanied by peasant figures of Mary and Joseph. On Christmas Day, Skaggs and others, dressed as American soldiers, attempted to set fire to the display, but police intervened and arrested several participants. The New York Times reported on the incident with the headline “Yippie ‘Nativity Scene’ Leads to Tickets for Littering.”[19]

In 1971, while living on a dairy farm in Central New York, Joey Skaggs learned about the Earlville Opera House, a historic building constructed in 1892 in Earlville, New York, that was slated for demolition to make way for a parking lot. Skaggs purchased the building and led a successful campaign to preserve it. Today, the opera house is listed on the National Register of Historic Places and operates as a vibrant performance and exhibition venue. It celebrated its 50th anniversary as a cultural center in 2022.

In 1976, Skaggs placed an ad in New York’s Village Voice promoting the opening of a “Cathouse for Dogs”, where pet owners could pay $50 for their dogs to be sexually gratified.[20] When the news media expressed interest in covering it, Skaggs staged a mock event featuring 25 volunteers and 15 dogs. Skaggs then provided the resulting video coverage to WABC-TV which had requested to visit the Cathouse.[21] This footage was incorporated into a documentary on animal cruelty which subsequently won an Emmy Award. Public backlash ensued, and Skaggs was subpoenaed by the Attorney General’s office over allegations of running a bordello for dogs.[22] During the hearing, he revealed the stunt as a hoax, emphasizing that television coverage does not always represent reality. WABC TV News never issued a correction.[23] The “Cathouse for Dogs” became Skaggs’ first major media hoax.[24] Later in 1976, under the alias Giuseppe Scaggoli, Skaggs announced that his “Celebrity Sperm Bank” was holding an auction of rock star sperm from celebrities like Mick Jagger, Bob Dylan, and John Lennon.[25] On the day of the event, he staged a scene outside a brownstone on Waverly Place in New York City with actors posing as bidders and protesters. When the media arrived, Skaggs claimed the sperm had been stolen and read a ransom note suggesting involvement by Abbie Hoffman. The event, despite not occurring as advertised, received widespread media coverage in both print and broadcast news.[26]

Around this time, Skaggs began teaching media and communications at the School of Visual Arts in New York. He also briefly taught at what is now The New School–Parsons School of Design and has since lectured internationally on media literacy and creative activism.

1980s and 1990s

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In 1981, Skaggs perpetrated the “Metamorphosis Cockroach Miracle Cure” hoax, targeting the media with a story about a charlatan and a wonder drug to highlight how easily sensational stories could be accepted without scrutiny. Using the alias Dr. Josef Gregor—dressed in a white suit and Panama hat adorned with fake cockroaches—he held a press conference claiming to have developed a miracle cure derived from hormones extracted from a strain of super-roaches immune to all toxins.[27] Accompanied by friends, colleagues and students from the School of Visual Arts, he asserted that the cure could treat conditions such as acne, anemia, and even radiation exposure and emphasized that he was offering it freely to the world. Despite including clear references to Franz Kafka’s novella The Metamorphosis (with the name Dr. Gregor referencing protagonist Gregor Samsa), the clues went unnoticed. The story was widely reported, including by UPI under the headline “Roach Hormone Hailed as Miracle Cure.” Skaggs, in character as Dr. Gregor, appeared on WNBC-TV’s Live at Five with Jack Cafferty and Sue Simmons, where he was interviewed about his supposed discovery. Media outlets like People and The Wall Street Journal exposed the hoax, however, the show never issued a retraction.[28]

In 1983, Skaggs created “Fish Condos”, aquatic sculptures that depicted bedrooms, bathrooms, living rooms and kitchens designed for upwardly mobile guppies. While some questioned whether these were part of a hoax, the fish tanks were real. The sculptures satirized gentrification in New York City and commented on environmental degradation. “Fish Condos” were featured in New York, Life and the Neiman Marcus Christmas Catalog among other media outlets. They also received widespread television coverage and were exhibited in museums and galleries around the world.[21]

In 1984, to help his friend Verne Williams fulfill his dream of becoming an actor, Skaggs created the fictitious “Bad Guys Talent Management Agency”, which represented bad guys, bad girls, bad kids, and bad dogs. Skaggs designed a headshot for Williams based on an FBI wanted poster and sent it to casting agents in New York City. This led to Williams securing a role in Berry Gordy’s feature film The Last Dragon, launching his acting career. The unlikely story attracted media attention, with People and other outlets reporting on it.[18]

In 1986, Joey Skaggs launched the “Annual New York City April Fools’ Day Parade”, which is marked by a press release each year. The parade features satirical floats and performers mocking political figures and social issues.[29] The route starts at Fifth Avenue and 59th Street, concluding at Washington Square Park, where the King of Fools is crowned.[30] Also in 1986, Skaggs, under the alias Joe Bones, created the “Fat Squad”. For $300 a day and a three-day minimum, Fat Squad commandos would monitor clients to ensure they stayed on their diets, regardless of any attempts to cheat.[31] Their motto was, “You can hire us, but you cannot fire us. Our commandos take no bribes.” The hoax garnered widespread media attention, including an appearance on ABC’s Good Morning America, where a Fat Squad client and several commandos were stationed around a refrigerator on set. The following day, after ABC received calls alerting them that Joe Bones was actually Joey Skaggs, he revealed the stunt as a hoax.[27][32]

In 1990, to highlight how easily businesses, governments, and the media can manipulate the truth and deceive the public, Skaggs launched two simultaneous hoaxes: “Comacocoon”[33], a company that offered the perfect vacation alternative through total anesthesiology and subliminal programming, promising benefits such as relaxation, weight loss, and elective surgery; and “Hair Today, Ltd.”[34], a company claiming to offer total scalp transplants from cadavers. For both hoaxes, Skaggs used marketing materials to attract interest from potential clients. However, the only people who received the materials were journalists. When these “clients” called to inquire, Skaggs recognized them as reporters looking for a story. After significant media coverage, he revealed the hoaxes, disappointing of many would-be clients.[35]

In July 1992, under the alias Father Anthony Joseph, Joey Skaggs created “Portofess”, a portable confessional booth mounted on a tricycle, which he pedaled to the Democratic National Convention at Madison Square Garden in New York promising, “Religion on the move for people on the go” and stating, “The church must go where the sinners are.”[36] In the fall of 1993, Skaggs, under the alias Dr. Joseph Skaggs, launched “SEXONIX”, a sexual virtual reality company that promised to turn individual fantasies into stunning approximations of reality, allowing clients to “experience sublime pinnacles of delight most people only dream of.”[37] The company was set to debut at the Metro Toronto Christmas Gift and Invention Show, but Skaggs reported that Canadian customs seized the equipment at the border deeming it morally offensive. Skaggs posted on electronic bulletin boards in New York and San Francisco (precursors to modern social media platforms) asking for help retrieving his equipment. Despite many concerned individuals trying to intervene, no one was able to help.[38] This performance is considered the first documented internet hoax, serving as a warning that the internet, still in its early days, was not immune to disinformation.

In 1994, Skaggs sparked outrage by posing as Kim Yung Soo, the head of a Korean company, Kea So Joo, Inc. (which translates to “dog meat soup with alcohol” in Korean), and claiming the company was offering to buy unwanted dogs from shelters for $.10 a pound for human consumption. He called this performance “Dog Meat Soup.”[39] Despite never answering a single call, fax, or letter, numerous reporters falsely claimed to have spoken with representatives of the company. Some even reported that large dogs were mysteriously disappearing from the streets, while others stated that legal charges were being brought against the company. In reality, no laws were broken. Skaggs orchestrated the hoax with the help of Korean friends and others to expose the hypocrisy, intolerance, and prejudice held by some animal rights groups and the media. It particularly illustrated how easily the media can perpetuate racist and culturally biased narratives.[40]

In 1995, under the alias of Dr. Joseph Bonuso, Ph.D., Joey Skaggs announced the creation of an artificial intelligence program called the “Solomon Project” which he claimed would deliver swift, unbiased verdicts in legal cases and would revamp the entire American judicial system. After O.J. Simpson’s acquittal in the trial for Nicole Simpson’s murder, Dr. Bonuso declared that Solomon had found O.J. guilty. CNN interviewed Dr. Bonuso and produced an elaborate news segment exploring this controversial use of computer programming, which aired worldwide.[41] When CNN discovered that Solomon was a figment of Skaggs’ imagination, they aired a second report admitting they had been duped. The Solomon Project provided an early alert about the coming impact artificial intelligence will have on the legal landscape in the future.[42]

Between 1996 and 1998, Joey Skaggs, under the alias Dr. Joseph Howard, orchestrated a complex media hoax called “Stop BioPEEP.” As Dr. Howard, Skaggs portrayed a whistleblower concerned that a multinational corporation was developing a virus designed to genetically addict consumers to products and transform them into “consumer junkies.” He claimed this was a step toward targeting specific genetic groups for “gene-ocide”, suggesting that such groups could be eliminated before they could retaliate. The hoax involved an international cast of co-conspirators, a fake website, and protests in the U.S. and Australia, including one at the United Nations. The hoax gained media attention, confused with an emerging bird flu outbreak in China. Skaggs’ goal was to provoke public discussion about the potential dangers of genetic engineering, an issue that has grown more relevant in the years since.[33]

In 1999, Joey Skaggs organized the “Doody Rudy” protest in New York’s Washington Square Park in response to Mayor Rudy Giuliani’s efforts to limit creative expression and his “quality of life” campaign targeting the homeless.[43] Skaggs and his team erected a 10’ x 14’ painting of Giuliani as the Madonna, created by artist Steve Powers (ESPO).[44] Protesters wore Doody Rudy hats and wheeled a trashcan filled with fake elephant dung, holding signs that read “Doody Rudy with Dumbo’s Dung” and “Help Support the Homeless—$1.00 Contribution Per Throw Will be Donated to Housing Works, Inc.” Hundreds of participants threw the faux dung at the portrait, mocking Giuliani’s outrage over Chris Ofili’s Holy Virgin Mary painting, which featured elephant dung and was on display at the Brooklyn Museum.[45] Giuliani had threatened to close the exhibition and defund the museum. Skaggs donated the money raised to Housing Works, a non-profit organization that assists homeless individuals living with AIDS.

2000s to 2020s

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In 2000, in a satirical commentary on the commercialization of the death-care industry, Joey Skaggs launched “Final Curtain”, a “Disney-like memorial theme park and mall.” Skaggs placed ads in alternative newspapers with the tagline, “Death got you down? At last, an alternative”, leading readers to the “Final Curtain” website.[46] The site featured architectural drawings, a business plan, and sample gravesite memorials designed by various artists, along with a promise of festive on-site attractions, such as Dante’s Inferno restaurant, a roller coaster of life and death, and a gift shop.[47] The website listed numerous company executives, but when the media inquired, Skaggs played all the roles himself. Media coverage was extensive before and after Skaggs revealed the project was a satirical performance piece.[48]

In 2004, Joey Skaggs staged a faux pro-Bush parade in New York City’s Washington Square Park to mock President George W. Bush’s leadership. The parade featured over 75 participants, including singers, cheerleaders, and actors portraying government officials. Continuing his tradition of using mobile sculptures in public performances, Skaggs, dressed as Uncle Sam, pedaled a replica White House on a tricycle into the park. Once parked, he opened the door to reveal an effigy of the president sitting on an outhouse bucket labeled “Presidential Fertilizer”, with $100 bills printed on the toilet paper. Surrounding the effigy were toy war weapons, and a pen was placed nearby for rewriting the Constitution. The President’s Cabinet members stood outside the White House next to Saudi Royals, who handed out fake $20 bills to buy votes.[49] In 2012, Joey Skaggs, as Recycle Man, towed his Mobile Homeless Homes sculpture with a tricycle to the Goldman Sachs headquarters to protest the role of big banks in the economic and housing crash of 2008. Goldman Sachs was widely blamed for its role in the Great Recession. The sculpture, resembling three connected garbage receptacles, was designed to look like overflowing trash cans, but in reality, it was hollow and habitable. This allowed it to evade detection by authorities.[50] Accompanied by a parade of costumed homeless Muppets and a band performing “Mobile Homeless Blues,” Skaggs was targeting Goldman Sachs employees who had used the term “Muppets” as a derogatory term for clients who had lost their homes.[51] Also in 2012, dressed as Santa Claus, Skaggs pedaled a mobile rocket launcher equipped with a 10-foot nuclear missile on a slingshot called “Santa’s Missile Tow” to the United Nations in New York City. Accompanied by six performance artists dressed as elves, he delivered a pointed message to world leaders: “Peace on Earth–Or Else.” Skaggs and his elf performers sang a parody of “Jingle Bells”, with lyrics that underscored the absurdity of the threat of nuclear war.[52]

In 2014, under the alias Peppe Scaggolini, ringmaster of the Tiny Top Circus, Joey Skaggs staged the world’s only pataphysical circus, where he put the recently captured Bigfoot on display in Washington Square Park in New York City.[53] The creature was housed in a cage draped with a circus tent and mounted on the back of a tricycle, which was pedaled into the park by the world’s strongest man. A large crowd gathered for the event, which featured armed guards, a carny barker, sword swallowers, jugglers, and the Coney Island Sideshow Band. Audience members were escorted one by one to view the creature, until Bigfoot—Skaggs dressed as a large, hairy foot—escaped into the West Fourth Street subway station. In response, the circus offered a $10 million reward for Bigfoot’s safe return.[54]

In 2016, after Donald Trump was elected President, Joey Skaggs began a series of theatrical protests called Trumpathons during his Annual New York City April Fools’ Day Parade.[55] The 32nd Annual Parade in 2017 featured “Trump’s Golden Throne”, a sculpture with a life-sized effigy of Trump tweeting while seated in a mobile golden outhouse.[56] Parade participants wore Trump masks in an attempt to create a Guinness World Record for the largest gathering of Trump look-a-likes. In 2018, for the 33rd Annual Parade, Skaggs created the military parade the President said he wanted. The parade featured an effigy of Trump riding the tricycle-mounted rocket launcher with a 10-foot-tall nuclear missile in a slingshot (repurposed from “Santa’s Missile Tow”). This display was accompanied by look-alikes of world leaders, including Kim Jong Un and Vladimir Putin who were flanked by a crowd of masked Trump soldiers. In 2019, for the 34th Annual April Fools’ Day Parade, Skaggs parade participants marched an oversized effigy of Trump with an exaggerated Pinocchio-like nose, wearing a witch’s hat, a cape, and flaming pants along with a mobile Kool-Aid stand to Trump Tower on 5th Avenue and 57th Street. The crowd wore Trump masks and held signs, calling attention to the volume of falsehoods told by the President during his time in office.

During the 37th Annual April Fools’ Day Parade, he distributed Putin Protest Masks to protest Putin’s war on Ukraine. In 2024, during the 39th Annual Parade, giant photographs of Skaggs as the Grim Reaper pedaling his “Democracy at the Guillotine” sculpture were projected on a billboard truck that traversed New York City encouraging Americans to vote.[57]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Yapp, Nick (1995). Great hoaxes of the world : and the hoaxers behind them. London: Robson Books. pp. 42, 168, 218. ISBN 9780860519683.
  2. ^ Marzo, Jorge Luis (2002). En el lado de la televisión [On the TV side] (in Spanish). Espai d'Art Contemporani de Castelló. p. 27. ISBN 9788448232429.
  3. ^ Kitty, Alexandria (2005). Don't Believe It!: How Lies Become News. Disinformation. ISBN 9781932857061.
  4. ^ a b "Calvary Again". No. 10. The East Village Other. April 15, 1966.
  5. ^ Dwyer, Simon (2000). Rapid Eye Movement. Creation. ISBN 978-1-871592-69-6.
  6. ^ Dwyer, Simon (2013-07-21). Rapid Eye 2: The Plague Yard. SCB Distributors. ISBN 978-1-909923-22-5.
  7. ^ Caro, Frank de (2013-05-15). Stories of Our Lives: Memory, History, Narrative. University Press of Colorado. ISBN 978-1-4571-8405-5.
  8. ^ Rudolf, Ake (2008). Urban Guerrilla Protest. Mark Batty Publisher. ISBN 9780979048692.
  9. ^ Gourley, Catherine (1999). Media Wizards: A Behind-the-scene Look at Media Manipulations. Twenty-First Century Press. ISBN 9780761309673.
  10. ^ DeLaure, Marilyn (February 28, 2017). Culture Jamming and the Art of Cultural Resistance. NYU Press. ISBN 9781479806201.
  11. ^ Weisblum, Vida (June 8, 2016). "Watch Out, New York City: Hoax Master Joey Skaggs Is in Town". Observer.
  12. ^ Roth-Rose, Spencer (June 13, 2016). "If You're Reading This, You've Already Been Conned: Joey Skaggs Doc Premieres in LES". Observer.
  13. ^ Froelich, Brinley (January 24, 2016). "Slamdance Film Review: Art of the Prank". Slug Mag.
  14. ^ Justin Almodovar, Joey Skaggs: Fish Condos screens at the Spring 2022 New Jersey Film Festival on February 11, in newjerseystage.com, Feb.10, 2022
  15. ^ Ballard, J. G. (2005). Conversations. RE/Search. p. 285. ISBN 9781889307138.
  16. ^ "60 Hippies in a Bus See the Sights of Quaint Queens". The New York Times. September 23, 1968. p. 24.
  17. ^ Modzelewski, Joseph (September 23, 1968). "Hippies' Trip to Queens". New York Daily News. p. 30.
  18. ^ a b Wood, H. P. (2018). Fakers: an insider's guide to cons, hoaxes, and scams. Watertown, MA: Charlesbridge. ISBN 978-1-58089-743-3.
  19. ^ "Yippie 'Nativity Scene' Leads to Tickets for Littering". New York Times. December 26, 1968. p. 66.
  20. ^ Wang, Wallace (2006). Steal This Computer Book 4.0: What They Won't Tell You About the Internet. No Starch Press. ISBN 1593273436.
  21. ^ a b Hoaxes and deceptions. Alexandria, Va: Time-Life Books. 1991. pp. 82–83. ISBN 9780809477159.
  22. ^ Gonçalves, Susana (March 2, 2021). Art in Diverse Social Settings. Emerald Publishing Limited. p. 104. ISBN 9781800438972.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  23. ^ Sterling, Christopher (September 23, 2009). Encyclopedia of Journalism. SAGE Publications. p. 82. ISBN 9781452261522.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  24. ^ Getz, Michael (November 2014). Bullshit! Amazing Lies and Unbelievable Truths from Around the Globe. Summersdale. ISBN 9781783722662.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  25. ^ Plotz, David (2006). The Genius Factory: The Curious History of the Nobel Prize Sperm Bank. Random House Trade Paperbacks. ISBN 9780812970524.
  26. ^ Meisner, Natalie (May 1, 2014). Double Pregnant Two Lesbians Make a Family. Fernwood Publishing. ISBN 9781552666708.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  27. ^ a b Boese, Alex (2003). The Museum of Hoaxes: A History of Outrageous Pranks and Deceptions. Penguin Group (USA) Incorporated. pp. 169–170. ISBN 9780452284654.
  28. ^ Schwarcz, Dr Joe (2019-10-08). A Grain of Salt: The Science and Pseudoscience of What We Eat. ECW Press. ISBN 978-1-77305-385-1.
  29. ^ "New York April Fool's Day Parade". TimeOut. March 30, 2023.
  30. ^ Levine, Alexandria (April 1, 2016). "New York Today: A Fools' Parade". The New York Times.
  31. ^ Booher, Dianna Daniels (1988). First thing Monday morning. Old Tappan, N.J: F.H. Revell. ISBN 978-0-8007-1595-3.
  32. ^ Pfeiffer, Robert (May 2, 1986). "Policing the Pounds". The Washington Post.
  33. ^ a b Martínez, Demófila; Platypus, Luis (October 26, 2019). "Joey Skaggs: Fool is a fool, no matter what their political leaning is". Homo Velamine.
  34. ^ Harper, Jennifer (December 25, 1997). "40 Million U.S. Men Deal with Baldness: Some Proud of the 'Chrome Domes'". The Washington Times.
  35. ^ Wulff, Stan; Robinson, Terri (December 18, 1990). "Exposed! Con man gets rude awakening when GLOBE busts dream vacation scam". Globe.
  36. ^ Laskow, Sarah (July 14, 2017). "The Story of the 'Portofess,' the Prank Confessional Booth at the 1992 Democratic Convention". Atlas Obscura.
  37. ^ Strom, David (November 15, 1993). "Buyer be ware of on-line spout of true news and real fiction". Info World. p. 118.
  38. ^ Strom, David (February 9, 1994). "The Sexonix BUST". Wired. p. 31.
  39. ^ John Tierney, The Big City was: Falling For It, in The New York Times Magazine, July 17, 1994, p.16
  40. ^ Goldstein, Darra, ed. (2010). The Gastronomica reader. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-94575-3.
  41. ^ St. John Warren, The talk of the town – Jury tampering, in The New Yorker, Feb.5, 1996, pp.24–5
  42. ^ Negroni, Christine (December 30, 1995). "Virtual juries use 'fuzzy logic' to render verdicts". CNN.
  43. ^ Anderson, Lincoln (December 8, 1999). "Weekend of protests over Mayor Giuliani's homeless policies". The Villager. pp. 1, 8.
  44. ^ Snyder, Gregory J. (2011-04-15). Graffiti Lives: Beyond the Tag in New York's Urban Underground. NYU Press. ISBN 978-0-8147-4046-0.
  45. ^ Ingram, Sarah (August 24, 2018). "Chris Ofili Artist Overview and Analysis". The Art Story.
  46. ^ Stark, Jeff (May 31, 2000). "Stupid death tricks". Salon.
  47. ^ Eggers, David; Maliszewski, Paul (January 1, 2002). McSweeney's 8. McSweeney's. pp. 289–299. ISBN 978-0971904712.
  48. ^ Fraser, Catherine A. (2023). Love the Questions: Reclaiming Research with Curiosity and Passion. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-032-68153-5.
  49. ^ amNY (July 13, 2004). "Bush whacking in Washington Sq. on the Fourth". amNY.
  50. ^ Cellania, Miss (22 April 2012). "Muppets Revenge!". Neatorama.
  51. ^ Beale, Scott (April 21, 2012). "Mobile Homeless Homes, A Trojan House & Outraged Homeless Muppets Are Planning To Converge on Goldman Sachs". Laughing Squid.
  52. ^ McLaughlin, Michael (November 14, 2012). "'Santa Claus' At United Nations: Prankster Joey Skaggs Demands Nuclear Disarmament". Huffpost.
  53. ^ Lee Speigel, Bigfoot Unveiling Turns Into Huge Toe Job, in Huffington Post, June 7, 2014
  54. ^ Dicker, Ron (December 6, 2017). "Definitely Real 'Captured Bigfoot' Exhibit Coming To NYC". Huffpost.
  55. ^ AFP (April 2, 2017). "April Fool's marchers in NY elect Trump as their 'king'". The Times of Israel.
  56. ^ Lincoln Anderson, Scoopy's Notebook, Week of April 6, in The Villager, April 6, 2017
  57. ^ Danner, Chas (April 1, 2017). "New York City Has Been Free of Donald Trump for More Than 70 Days". Intelligencer. Archived from the original on July 24, 2024.
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